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菜饼与菜粕都是油菜籽提取油脂后的副产品，被广泛应用在各种动物饲料中，具有较高的营养价值。但由于提取油脂的工艺不同，他们又存在较多的差异。
菜饼是油菜籽经过机械压榨提取油脂的副产品，由于压榨的机型和温度不同，低温压榨的为冷榨饼即青饼，高温压榨的为热榨饼即红饼；
菜粕是油菜籽经过有机溶剂预压浸提法提取油脂后的副产品，根据机型和生产工艺不同又分为一次粕和二次粕。
菜饼与菜粕的主要区别点
首先，由于提取油脂的工艺不同，存在外观差异：
菜饼一般为瓦片块状，青饼颜色发青，红饼颜色发红；青饼有油香辣味，红饼则较香有焦味。菜粕形状为细颗粒状，含有一定量的淡黄色粉末；颜色一次粕呈淡黄褐色，二次粕颜色较深；味道一次粕有淡淡的香辣味，二次粕则有较浓的香味。
其次，菜饼与菜粕内在质量存在较大差异：
1、水分差异：菜饼通常小于10%，一般在6-9%之间，不同加工点或同一加工点不同批次的菜饼水分都不一样；菜粕是大的油脂厂生产，水分容易控制，不同厂家生产菜粕水分相差不大，一般在12-12.5%。
2、蛋白差异：菜饼蛋白含量为34-36%，菜粕蛋白含量一级菜粕≥41%，二级菜粕≥39%，三级菜粕≥37%，四级菜粕≥35%，饲料厂通常采购使用的是三级菜粕。
3、蛋白溶解度差异：青饼蛋白溶解度较高，且差异也较大，通常在60-98%，红饼蛋白溶解度则较低，通常在20%甚至更低；一次粕蛋白溶解度在40-45%之间，二次粕的蛋白溶解度则低于30%。
4、脂肪含量差异：由于机械压榨不可能把菜籽中的油脂完全压榨干净，因此菜饼脂肪含量较高，为6-9%之间；菜粕是经过预热压榨后再进行有机溶剂浸提，因此，菜粕脂肪含量较低，为2%左右。
5、抗营养因子不同：菜饼特别是青饼在加工过程中采用低温压榨，抗营养因子没有被完全破坏，因此抗营养因子的含量较高；菜粕是菜籽经过较长时间的低温入榨温度特殊处理，抗营养因子基本被破坏，因此抗营养因子含量较低，特别是大型油脂厂采购双底菜籽，生产出的菜粕芥酸和硫甙含量都很低。
6、菜饼更容易掺假，菜饼是作坊式的加工点生产，在生产过程中不法商贩在菜籽中加入糠麸、花生壳、石粉等。菜粕都是较大的油脂厂生产的副产品，厂家都很注重质量，注重诚信，一般不会掺假，同时通过菜粕感官鉴定也很容易判定是否有掺假现象。
基于菜饼和菜粕的以上差异，我们要建议饲料厂家不采购、不使用二次粕和红饼，尽量使用一次粕，由于青饼价格比菜粕低，脂肪含量也较高，可以使用少量的青饼代替少部分菜粕。
The English version
CaiBing and rapeseed meal is a by-product of rapeseed after extracting oil, widely used in all kinds of animal feed, has high nutritional value. But because of the different extraction oil technology, they have many differences.
CaiBing is a byproduct of rapeseed after mechanical crushing extraction oil, due to the squeezing model and different temperature, the cold pressing of cold pressed cake is blue cake, hot press for hot press cake: red cake;
Rapeseed meal is rapeseed after extraction using organic solvent prepressing extraction oil byproducts, according to different models and production process is divided into a meal and a second meal.
The main the mark CaiBing and rapeseed meal
First of all, because of the different extraction oil technology, exterior differences:
CaiBing for tiles commonly block, blue cake blue color, red color is red; Blue cake incense oil spicy, red cake is sweet to have burnt flavour. Rapeseed meal for fine granular shape, containing a certain amount of light yellow powder; A meal a yellowish brown color, darker second meal; Taste a meal has a hint of spiciness, second meal has a strong smell.
Second, CaiBing inner quality of rapeseed meal with larger differences:
1, the difference of moisture: CaiBing usually less than 10%, generally between 6-9%, different processing centers or different batches of the same processing centers CaiBing moisture is different; Rapeseed meal is big YouZhiChang production, easy to control water, water were similar, different manufacturer production rapeseed meal in 12-12.5%.
2, the difference of protein: CaiBing is 34-36%, protein content in rapeseed meal protein level of rapeseed meal 41% or higher, secondary rapeseed meal 39% or higher, level 3:37% or higher, level 4:35% or more, usually purchase using three levels of rapeseed meal feed mills.
3, the difference of protein solubility: blue cake protein solubility is higher, and the difference is bigger also, usually in the 60-98%, red cake protein solubility is low, usually at or below 20%; A meal protein solubility between 40-45%, the second meal protein solubility is below 30%.
4, fat content differences: due to mechanical press cannot be put in the rapeseed oil squeeze completely clean, therefore CaiBing adipose content is higher, for 6-9%; Rapeseed meal was conducted after preheating squeezing and organic solvent extraction, therefore, rapeseed meal fat content is low, at around 2%.
5, different antinutritional factors: CaiBing especially blue cake in the machining process using cold pressing, antinutritional factors have not been destroyed, so the antinutritional factors of the content is higher; Rapeseed meal is rapeseed after a long time of low temperature into the pressing temperature special processing, antinutritional factors basic are destroyed, so the antinutritional factors content is low, especially large YouZhiChang double bottom rapeseed purchasing, producing wheat erucic acid and sulfur glucoside content is very low.
6, CaiBing easier to adulterated, CaiBing is mill production processing centers, in the process of production pusher add bran in rapeseed, peanut shell, powder, etc. Rapeseed meal is a by-product of the larger YouZhiChang production, manufacturers are very pay attention to quality, pay attention to integrity, generally not adulterated, at the same time through the rapeseed meal sensory evaluation is also easy to determine whether there is a phenomenon of adulteration.
CaiBing and rapeseed meal based the above differences, we would suggest feed manufacturer not buy, do not use the second meal and red cake, use a meal as far as possible, because the blue cake price low rapeseed meal, fat content is higher, also can use a small amount of blue cake instead of a small number of rapeseed meal.
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