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2016年10月黄曲霉毒素污染有加重趋势；玉米副产物和配合料（猪）的玉米赤霉烯酮含量污染严重；小麦及副产物以及玉米副产物的呕吐毒素污染严重，配合料（猪）污染也稍有加重趋势。
1 概述
2016年10月，江苏奥迈生物科技有限公司共收到来自安徽、江苏、河南、天津、山东、湖南、广东、江西等地的样品219份（详见表1），用酶联免疫法进行了黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮、呕吐毒素的检测，并用液相法对可疑样品进行了确认。饲料中霉菌毒素的限量标准见表2。
2.1 黄曲霉毒素B1污染情况
由图1可以看出，2016年10月玉米和饼粕原料的黄曲霉毒素平均值超过了10μg•kg-1，有3份玉米黄曲霉毒素都超过了30μg•kg-1，污染十分严重；黄曲霉毒素B1污染范围广，污染率极高。从历史数据来看（图2），2016年10月玉米、饼粕以及玉米副产物黄曲霉毒素比上月均有上升趋势，养殖户和饲料厂需要提高对该三类原料黄曲霉毒素污染情况的关注。
图1 黄曲霉毒素B1平均值（μg·㎏-1）
图2 黄曲霉毒素B1污染趋势
2.2 玉米赤霉烯酮污染情况
由图3可以看出，2016年10月玉米，玉米以及饼粕的玉米赤霉烯酮平均值低于100μg•kg-1，污染程度不高；玉米副产物的玉米赤霉烯酮毒素平均值超过400μg•kg-1，污染严重；小麦及副产物的平均值接近200μg•kg-1，其中有两份次粉样品玉米赤霉烯酮超过1000μg•kg-1。由历史数据可以看出（图4），2016年10月玉米副产物污染趋势保持，总体变化不大。
图3 玉米赤霉烯酮平均值（μg·㎏-1）
图4 玉米赤霉烯酮污染趋势
2.3 呕吐毒素污染情况
由图5可以看出，2016年10月饼粕和玉米的呕吐毒素平均值十分接近最高限量，污染严重，超标率为52.63%；小麦及副产物严重超标，平均值接近3500μg•kg-1，超标率达93.56%，污染十分严重。从历史数据可以看出，呕吐毒素污染情况持续了去年下半年的较高水平，尤其是玉米副产物、小麦及副产物的污染情况，实在不容乐观。
图5 呕吐毒素平均值（μg·㎏-1）
图6 呕吐毒素污染趋势
3 总结及建议
建议持续关注玉米及豆粕的黄曲霉毒素污染情况，小麦及副产物和玉米副产物的呕吐毒素污染情况；新玉米的霉菌毒素污染情况参差不齐，在大量使用时，建议多点取样，实时监测；小麦、次粉及面粉的呕吐毒素含量从2016年6月份就持续升高，养殖户和各饲料企业也需做好相关措施，以避免产品严重污染情况。
整体看来，饲料的霉菌毒素情况仍然不可忽视，一定要加强霉菌毒素的检测力度，控制好原料的品质，加强饲料生产的管理，合理添加霉菌毒素吸附剂，防止饲料霉变引起对动物的危害，造成严重的经济损失。
The English version
In October 2016, aflatoxin contamination has increasing trend; Corn by-products and batch (pigs) content of corn gibberellic ketene pollution is serious; Wheat and by-products, and corn by-products of vomiting toxins pollution is serious, the batch (pigs) pollution also slightly increasing trend.
1 overview
In October 2016, Mr Michael biological technology co., LTD in jiangsu received from anhui, jiangsu, henan, tianjin, shandong, hunan, guangdong, jiangxi and other places of the sample of 219 (see chart 1), enzyme league immune method is used for aflatoxin B1, corn gibberellic ketene, vomiting, toxin detection, suspicious samples confirmed with liquid phase method. The limitation standard of mycotoxins in feed are shown in table 2.
2.1 aflatoxin B1 pollution
From figure 1, you can see, in October 2016, corn, raw materials and cake of aflatoxin average more than 10 mu g kg 1, there are three corn aflatoxins are more than 30 mu g kg 1, pollution is very serious. A wide scope of aflatoxin B1 pollution, pollution rate is extremely high. From the historical data (figure 2), in October 2016, corn by-products, cake and aflatoxin have rise than last month, farmers and feed factory need to improve to the attention of aflatoxin contamination situation of the three kinds of raw materials.
The average figure 1 aflatoxin B1 (mu) g. ㎏ - 1
Figure 2 aflatoxin B1 pollution trend
2.2 corn gibberellic ketene pollution
Can be seen from figure 3, in October 2016, corn, corn, corn and cake gibberellic ketene average less than 100 mu g kg 1, pollution level is not high. Corn by-products of corn gibberellic ketene toxin averages more than 400 mu g kg 1, pollution is serious; Wheat and by-products, the average of nearly 200 mu g kg 1, there are two times of corn powder sample gibberellic ketene, more than 1000 mu g kg 1. Can be seen by the historical data (figure 4), October 2016 corn byproduct pollution trend remains, little change as a whole.
Figure 3 corn gibberellic ketene average (mu) g. ㎏ - 1
Figure 4 corn gibberellic ketene pollution trend
2.3 vomiting toxins pollution
Can be seen from figure 5, 10, 2016 moon cake meal and corn vomiting toxins mean value is very close to the maximum limits, pollution is serious, which is 52.63%; Wheat and by-products exceeds bid badly, average of nearly 3500 mu g kg 1, which was 93.56%, and the pollution is very serious. Can be seen from the historical data, vomiting toxins pollution continue to a higher level in the second half of last year, especially the by-products of the by-products of corn, wheat and pollution situation, it is not optimistic.
Figure 5 average vomiting toxins (mu) g. ㎏ - 1
3 summary and Suggestions
Suggest continued focus on aflatoxin contamination situation of corn and soybean meal, wheat and by-products and corn by-products of vomiting toxins pollution; The mycotoxin contamination of new corn, when used in a lot of, suggest a multipoint sampling, real-time monitoring; Wheat, vomiting toxins of powder and flour content from June 2016 will continue to rise, farmers and the feed enterprises also need to prepare related measures, to avoid serious pollution.
Whole, feed mycotoxins of still can not be ignored, must strengthen the detection of mycotoxin, good control the quality of raw material, strengthening the management of feed production, and reasonable to add mycotoxins adsorbent, prevent feed mildew caused harm to animals, causing serious economic losses.
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